The national Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) and the Science and Technology Council of the Macao SAR Government signed the Agreement on the Establishment of a Science and Technology Cooperation Committee between the Mainland and Macao in October 2005. The committee holds regular meetings to organize and coordinate exchanges and cooperation in science, technology, and related industries between relevant departments of the two sides to promote development in these fields. The Macao-side liaison office for the said committee was changed to the Economic and Technological Development Bureau (DSEDT) following its reorganization in 2021 with the addition of the function of promoting technology and innovation development.

Since the committee's first meeting in 2007, these meetings have been held annually in Macao or the Mainland. The most recent was the 19th meeting held in Macao in November 2025. Participants included representatives from MOST, the Hong Kong and Macao Affairs Office of the State Council, the Liaison Office of the Central People's Government in Macao, the National Health Commission, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Chinese Academy of Engineering, the National Natural Science Foundation of China, the Department of Science and Technology of Guangdong Province, the Zhuhai Science and Technology Innovation Bureau, the Economic Development Bureau of the Guangdong-Macao Intensive Cooperation Zone in Hengqin, as well as from Macao, including the Office of the Secretary for Economy and Finance, the DSEDT, the Science and Technology Development Fund, the Education and Youth Development Bureau, the Pharmaceutical Administration Bureau, the Marine and Water Bureau, the Environmental Protection Bureau, the Macao Post and Telecommunications Bureau, the Macao Productivity and Technology Transfer Center, the University of Macau, the Macao Polytechnic University, and the Macau University of Science and Technology.